Mastering the Form of Verbs list from A to Z is essential for building strong English grammar skills, especially for ESL learners, students, and language teachers. This complete list covers base forms, past simple, and past participles, helping you understand regular and irregular verbs with ease. Whether you’re preparing for academic writing, competitive exams, or spoken English fluency, knowing verb forms improves sentence accuracy and language confidence. Related entities include action words, tenses, conjugation, and grammar rules. Learn verb forms fast—with clarity and purpose.
Form of Verb List
Verbs Forms Beginning with A
Verbs starting with A show actions like receiving agreeing or allowing. Common forms include “accept” “accepted” and “accepting” used in daily conversations and writing.
Base form | Simple past | Past participle |
| acquire | acquired | acquired |
| abate | abated | abated |
| act | acted | acted |
| afford | afforded | afforded |
| answer | answered | answered |
| address | addressed | addressed |
| admire | admired | admired |
| allow | allowed | allowed |
| absorb | absorbed | absorbed |
| accompany | accompanied | accompanied |
| appear | appeared | appeared |
| apply | applied | applied |
| argue | argued | argued |
| arrest | arrested | arrested |
| assort | assorted | assorted |
| attack | attacked | attacked |
| attract | attracted | attracted |
| advise | advised | advised |
| abash | abashed | abashed |
| announce | announced | announced |
| abide | abode | abode |
| applaud | applauded | applauded |
| accept | accepted | accepted |
| approach | approached | approached |
| ache | ached | ached |
| achieve | achieved | achieved |
| approve | approved | approved |
| alight | alit | alit |
| add | added | added |
| arise | arose | arisen |
| adjust | adjusted | adjusted |
| arrange | arranged | arranged |
| admit | admitted | admitted |
| accept | accepted | accepted |
| adjust | adjusted | adjusted |
| attend | attended | attended |
| admit | admitted | admitted |
| audit | audited | audited |
| avoid | avoided | avoided |
| agree | agreed | agreed |
| attend | attended | attended |
| arise | arose | arisen |
| animate | animated | animated |
| ask | asked | asked |
| assert | asserted | asserted |
| apologize | apologized | apologized |
Verbs Forms Beginning with B
Verbs beginning with “B” describe actions or states such as existence starting bringing or purchasing. These verbs have various forms like “be” “begin” “bring” and “buy” which change depending on tense and context.
Base form | Simple past | Past participle |
| become | became | become |
| banish | banished | banished |
| behave | behaved | behaved |
| believe | believed | believed |
| beseech | besought | besought |
| bash | bashed | bashed |
| betray | betrayed | betrayed |
| bind | bound | bound |
| boast | boasted | boasted |
| be (am,are) | was / were | been |
| bend | bent | bent |
| bleed | bled | bled |
| bless | blessed | blessed |
| blow | blew | blown |
| blush | blushed | blushed |
| bow | bowed | bowed |
| bid | bid | bid |
| burn | burnt | burnt |
| bite | bit | bitten |
| bray | brayed | brayed |
| break | broke | broken |
| blossom | blossomed | blossomed |
| bring | brought | brought |
| blur | blurred | blurred |
| brush | brushed | brushed |
| board | boarded | boarded |
| bury | buried | buried |
| boil | boiled | boiled |
| buy | bought | bought |
| box | boxed | boxed |
| beg | begged | begged |
| bat | batted | batted |
| breathe | breathed | breathed |
| bear | bore | born |
| broadcast | broadcast | broadcast |
| beat | beat | beaten |
| beautify | beautified | beautified |
| breed | bred | bred |
| befall | befell | befallen |
| broadcast | broadcast | broadcast |
| begin | began | begun |
| build | built | built |
| behold | beheld | beheld |
| bust | bust | bust |
| belong | belonged | belonged |
| burst | burst | burst |
| bereave | bereft | bereft |
| buzz | buzzed | buzzed |
| bet | bet | bet |
| bid | bade | bidden |
Form of Verbs Beginning with C
C-verbs show selection or decision. “Choose” “chose” and “chosen” are used to express preference in different tenses and situations.
Base form | Simple past | Past participle |
| course | coursed | coursed |
| cover | covered | covered |
| call | called | called |
| cash | cashed | cashed |
| catch | caught | caught |
| calculate | calculated | calculated |
| challenge | challenged | challenged |
| caress | caressed | caressed |
| cease | ceased | ceased |
| charge | charged | charged |
| chat | chatted | chatted |
| canvass | canvassed | canvassed |
| capture | captured | captured |
| chew | chewed | chewed |
| choke | choked | choked |
| classify | classified | classified |
| click | clicked | clicked |
| cling | clung | clung |
| create | created | created |
| creep | crept | crept |
| clutch | clutched | clutched |
| collect | collected | collected |
| conduct | conducted | conducted |
| confess | confessed | confessed |
| connect | connected | connected |
| connote | connoted | connoted |
| compare | compared | compared |
| carry | carried | carried |
| carve | carved | carved |
| confuse | confused | confused |
| cast | cast | cast |
| consecrate | consecrated | consecrated |
| cause | caused | caused |
| consent | consented | consented |
| celebrate | celebrated | celebrated |
| conserve | conserved | conserved |
| change | changed | changed |
| conquer | conquered | conquered |
| chase | chased | chased |
| congratulate | congratulated | congratulated |
| check | checked | checked |
| cheer | cheered | cheered |
| confiscate | confiscated | confiscated |
| chide | chid | chid/chidden |
| chip | chipped | chipped |
| confine | confined | confined |
| crash | crashed | crashed |
| crave | craved | craved |
| choose | chose | chosen |
| conclude | concluded | concluded |
| crackle | crackled | crackled |
| clean | cleaned | cleaned |
| cleave | clove/cleft | cloven/cleft |
| complain | complained | complained |
| climb | climbed | climbed |
| complete | completed | completed |
| close | closed | closed |
| clothe | clad | clad |
| compete | competed | competed |
| collapse | collapsed | collapsed |
| compel | compelled | compelled |
| colour | coloured | coloured |
| come | came | come |
| comment | commented | commented |
| consider | considered | considered |
| consist | consisted | consisted |
| consort | consorted | consorted |
| consort | consorted | consorted |
| constitute | constituted | constituted |
| construct | constructed | constructed |
| consult | consulted | consulted |
| contemn | contemned | contemned |
| contest | contested | contested |
| contract | contracted | contracted |
| contrast | contrasted | contrasted |
| contrive | contrived | contrived |
| convene | convened | convened |
| converse | conversed | conversed |
| convey | conveyed | conveyed |
| convince | convinced | convinced |
| cook | cooked | cooked |
| correspond | corresponded | corresponded |
| corrode | corroded | corroded |
| corrupt | corrupted | corrupted |
| correspond | corresponded | corresponded |
| cower | cowered | cowered |
| crack | cracked | cracked |
| crib | cribbed | cribbed |
| cross | crossed | crossed |
| crowd | crowded | crowded |
| consign | consigned | consigned |
| cool | cooled | cooled |
| console | consoled | consoled |
| cycle | cycled | cycled |
| conspire | conspired | conspired |
| cut | cut | cut |
| constrain | constrained | constrained |
| co-operate | co-operated | co-operated |
| construe | construed | construed |
| cope | coped | cope |
| contain | contained | contained |
| cure | cured | cured |
| contend | contended | contended |
| curb | curbed | curbed |
| continue | continued | continued |
| cost | cost | cost |
| contradict | contradicted | contradicted |
| cry | cried | cried |
| contribute | contributed | contributed |
| crush | crushed | crushed |
| control | controlled | controlled |
| correct | corrected | corrected |
| converge | converged | converged |
| copy | copied | copied |
| convert | converted | converted |
| curve | curved | curved |
| convict | convicted | convicted |
| cough | coughed | coughed |
| counsel | counselled | counselled |
| count | counted | counted |
Verbs Forms Beginning with D
D-verbs describe actions like performing or completing. Forms such as “do” “did” and “done” are key for forming questions and negatives.
Base form | Simple past | Past participle |
| decorate | decorated | decorated |
| decrease | decreased | decreased |
| damage | damaged | damaged |
| dwell | dwelt | dwelt |
| dye | dyed | dyed |
| dance | danced | danced |
| dare | dared | dared |
| dash | dashed | dashed |
| diminish | diminished | diminished |
| dine | dined | dined |
| dispose | disposed | disposed |
| depend | depended | depended |
| deprive | deprived | deprived |
| discover | discovered | discovered |
| discuss | discussed | discussed |
| delay | delayed | delayed |
| delete | deleted | deleted |
| dry | dried | dried |
| dump | dumped | dumped |
| derive | derived | derived |
| describe | described | described |
| distribute | distributed | distributed |
| disturb | disturbed | disturbed |
| drill | drilled | drilled |
| drink | drank | drunk |
| dream | dreamt | dreamt |
| dress | dressed | dressed |
| dive | dived | dived |
| damp | damped | damped |
| drive | drove | driven |
| drop | dropped | dropped |
| direct | directed | directed |
| dazzle | dazzled | dazzled |
| deal | dealt | dealt |
| decay | decayed | decayed |
| decide | decided | decided |
| declare | declared | declared |
| download | downloaded | downloaded |
| drag | dragged | dragged |
| dedicate | dedicated | dedicated |
| determine | determined | determined |
| develop | developed | developed |
| deny | denied | denied |
| disuse | disused | disused |
| differ | differed | differed |
| dig | dug | dug |
| desire | desired | desired |
| destroy | destroyed | destroyed |
| detach | detached | detached |
| detect | detected | detected |
| disobey | disobeyed | disobeyed |
| display | displayed | displayed |
| die | died | died |
| divide | divided | divided |
Form of Verbs Beginning with E
E-verbs relate to eating or consuming. “Eat” “ate” and “eaten” are used to describe food actions in past and present.
Base form | Simple past | Past participle |
| educate | educated | educated |
| enlarge | enlarged | enlarged |
| endure | endured | endured |
| exchange | exchanged | exchanged |
| enjoy | enjoyed | enjoyed |
| endanger | endangered | endangered |
| eat | ate | eaten |
| envy | envied | envied |
| exclude | excluded | excluded |
| escape | escaped | escaped |
| empty | emptied | emptied |
| encircle | encircled | encircled |
| encourage | encouraged | encouraged |
| express | expressed | expressed |
| encroach | encroached | encroached |
| exclaim | exclaimed | exclaimed |
| expect | expected | expected |
| enlighten | enlightened | enlightened |
| expect | expected | expected |
| explore | explored | explored |
| erase | erased | erased |
| extend | extended | extended |
| eye | eyed | eyed |
| empower | empowered | empowered |
| engrave | engraved | engraved |
| enjoy | enjoyed | enjoyed |
| explain | explained | explained |
| evaporate | evaporated | evaporated |
| enter | entered | entered |
| exist | existed | existed |
| expand | expanded | expanded |
| endorse | endorsed | endorsed |
Verbs Forms Beginning with F
F-verbs show movement or change. Forms like “fall” “fell” and “fallen” are used in physical or figurative situations.
Base form | Simple past | Past participle |
| finish | finished | finished |
| feed | fed | fed |
| fed | fed | fed |
| feel | felt | felt |
| fax | faxed | faxed |
| fix | fixed | fixed |
| fizz | fizzed | fizzed |
| fail | failed | failed |
| forbid | forbade | forbidden |
| force | forced | forced |
| flash | flashed | flashed |
| fly | flew | flown |
| follow | followed | followed |
| ferry | ferried | ferried |
| foretell | foretold | foretold |
| fling | flung | flung |
| fill | filled | filled |
| favour | favoured | favoured |
| finish | finished | finished |
| fancy | fancied | fancied |
| faint | fainted | fainted |
| fall | fell | fallen |
| fan | fanned | fanned |
| flap | flapped | flapped |
| find | found | found |
| fetch | fetched | fetched |
| fight | fought | fought |
| forget | forgot | forgotten |
| freeze | froze | frozen |
| frighten | frightened | frightened |
| float | floated | floated |
| found | founded | founded |
| free | freed | freed |
| fish | fished | fished |
| flop | flopped | flopped |
| forgive | forgave | forgiven |
| flee | fled | fled |
| forlese | forlore | forlorn |
| fold | folded | folded |
| fry | fried | fried |
| fulfil | fulfilled | fulfilled |
| forsake | forsook | forsaken |
| form | formed | formed |
| found | founded | founded |
| frame | framed | framed |
Verbs Forms Beginning with G
G-verbs describe motion or travel. “Go” “went” and “gone” are used to express movement from one place to another in this Verb Form List A to Z.
Base form | Simple past | Past participle |
| get | got | got |
| govern | governed | governed |
| grab | grabbed | grabbed |
| guess | guessed | guessed |
| greet | greeted | greeted |
| guard | guarded | guarded |
| gash | gashed | gashed |
| gain | gained | gained |
| gainsay | gainsaid | gainsaid |
| grip | gripped | gripped |
| give | gave | given |
| glance | glanced | glanced |
| grow | grew | grown |
| glitter | glittered | glittered |
| glow | glowed | glowed |
| grind | ground | ground |
| guide | guided | guided |
| gaze | gazed | gazed |
| grade | graded | graded |
| grant | granted | granted |
| go | went | gone |
| googled | googled |
Verbs Forms List Beginning with H
H-verbs show possession or experience. “Have” “had” and “having” are important in perfect tenses and everyday use.
Base form | Simple past | Past participle |
| hiss | hissed | hissed |
| hit | hit | hit |
| hustle | hustled | hustled |
| hypnotize | hypnotized | hypnotized |
| heal | healed | healed |
| hear | heard | heard |
| horrify | horrified | horrified |
| hug | hugged | hugged |
| hurl | hurled | hurled |
| hurry | hurried | hurried |
| happen | happened | happened |
| harm | harmed | harmed |
| hew | hewed | hewn |
| hang | hung | hung |
| hate | hated | hated |
| have | had | had |
| hop | hopped | hopped |
| hope | hoped | hoped |
| humiliate | humiliated | humiliated |
| hunt | hunted | hunted |
| hurt | hurt | hurt |
| hush | hushed | hushed |
| heave | hove | hove |
| help | helped | helped |
| hatch | hatched | hatched |
| hide | hid | hidden |
| hinder | hindered | hindered |
| hoax | hoaxed | hoaxed |
| hold | held | held |
| hum | hummed | hummed |
Verbs Forms Beginning with I
I-verbs show progress or growth. Forms like “improve” “improved” and “improving” express positive change over time.
Base form | Simple past | Past participle |
| imagine | imagined | imagined |
| imbibe | imbibed | imbibed |
| impair | impaired | impaired |
| impend | impended | impended |
| imperil | imperilled | imperilled |
| incise | incised | incised |
| include | included | included |
| ignore | ignored | ignored |
| idealized | idealized | idealizes |
| implant | implanted | implanted |
| implicate | implicated | implicated |
| indulge | indulged | indulged |
| identify | identified | identified |
| idolize | idolized | idolized |
| implore | implored | implored |
| imply | implied | implied |
| imitate | imitated | imitated |
| immerse | immersed | immersed |
| ignite | ignited | ignited |
| ill-treat | ill-treated | ill-treated |
| impress | impressed | impressed |
| imprint | imprinted | imprinted |
| impeach | impeached | impeached |
| infest | infested | infested |
| inflame | inflamed | inflamed |
| infringe | infringed | infringed |
| infuse | infused | infused |
| injure | injured | injured |
| inlay | inlaid | inlaid |
| inspect | inspected | inspected |
| inspire | inspired | inspired |
| inculcate | inculcated | inculcated |
| indent | indented | indented |
| illustrate | illustrated | illustrated |
| inhale | inhaled | inhaled |
| inherit | inherited | inherited |
| inquire | inquired | inquired |
| inscribe | inscribed | inscribed |
| insure | insured | insured |
| integrate | integrated | integrated |
| install | installed | installed |
| insult | insulted | insulted |
| inflect | inflected | inflected |
| inform | informed | informed |
| indicate | indicated | indicated |
| induce | induced | induced |
| ingest | ingested | ingested |
| inhabit | inhabited | inhabited |
| introduce | introduced | introduced |
| invent | invented | invented |
| illuminate | illuminated | illuminated |
| illumine | illumined | illumined |
| invite | invited | invited |
| immolate | immolated | immolated |
| immure | immured | immured |
| impede | impeded | impeded |
| impel | impelled | impelled |
| innovate | innovated | innovated |
| input | input | input |
| impart | imparted | imparted |
| import | imported | imported |
| impose | imposed | imposed |
| initiate | initiated | initiated |
| inject | injected | injected |
| imprison | imprisoned | imprisoned |
| improve | improved | improved |
| inaugurate | inaugurated | inaugurated |
| increase | increased | increased |
| impinge | impinged | impinged |
| inflate | inflated | inflated |
| infect | infected | infected |
| implode | imploded | imploded |
| insert | inserted | inserted |
Verbs Forms List Beginning with J
J-verbs show quick movement. “Jump” “jumped” and “jumping” describe physical action in both real and figurative speech.
Base form | Simple past | Past participle |
| Jack | Jacked | Jacked |
| Jump | Jumped | Jumped |
| Judge | Judge | Judged |
| Juice | Juiced | Juiced |
| Join | Joined | Joined |
| Jib | Jibbed | Jibbed |
| Jam | Jammed | Jammed |
| Jag | Jagged | Jagged |
| Jumble | Jumbled | Jumbled |
| Jest | Jested | Jested |
| Jabber | Jabbered | Jabbered |
| Jockey | Jockeyed | Jockeyed |
| Jest | Jested | Jested |
| Joint | Jointed | Jointed |
Verbs Forms Beginning with K
K-verbs relate to holding or continuing. “Keep” “kept” and “keeping” help express control or maintenance.
| Base form | Simple past | Past participle |
| knit | knitted | knitted |
| kick | kicked | kicked |
| keel | keeled | keeled |
| kneel | knelt | kneeled |
| knead | kneaded | kneaded |
| kill | killed | killed |
| knot | knotted | knotted |
| knuck | knuckled | knuckled |
| kiss | kissed | kissed |
| knock | knocked | knocked |
| key | keyed | keyed |
| kidnap | kidnapped | kidnapped |
| kindle | kindled | kindled |
| keep | kept | kept |
| know | knew | Known |
Verbs Forms Beginning with L
L-verbs describe gaining knowledge. Forms like “learn” “learned” and “learning” are common in education and daily life.
Base form | Simple past | Past participle |
| Lath | Lathed | Lathed |
| Lead | Led | Led |
| Latch | Latched | Latched |
| Laugh | Laughed | Laughed |
| Label | Labelled | Labelled |
| Lash | Lashed | Lashed |
| Lap | Lapped | Lapped |
| Land | Landed | Landed |
| Lag | Lagged | Lagged |
| Launch | Launched | Launched |
| Lay | Laid | Laid |
| Lamb | Lambed | Lambed |
| Lace | Laced | Laced |
| Last | Lasted | Lasted |
| Lard | Larded | Larded |
Verbs Forms List Beginning with M
M-verbs show creation or production. “Make” “made” and “making” are used to describe actions that produce something.
Base form | Simple past | Past participle |
| Malt | Malted | Malted |
| Mean | Meant | Meant |
| Manage | Managed | Managed |
| Mediatize | Mediatized | Mediatized |
| Mangle | Mangled | Mangled |
| Massacre | Massacred | Massacred |
| Mark | Marked | Marked |
| Mature | Matured | Matured |
| Mask | Masked | Masked |
| Mantle | Mantled | Mantled |
| Marinate | Marinated | Marinated |
| Master | Mastered | Mastered |
| Meddle | Meddled | Meddled |
| Make | Made | Made |
Verbs Forms Beginning with N
N-verbs express requirement or necessity. Forms like “need” “needed” and “needing” are used for expressing wants or demands.
Base form | Simple past | Past participle |
| narrow | narrowed | narrowed |
| nab | nabbed | nabbed |
| nod | nodded | nodded |
| neglect | neglected | neglected |
| need | needed | needed |
| nail | nailed | nailed |
| nose | nosed | nosed |
| neigh | neighed | neighed |
| nag | nagged | nagged |
| nitrify | nitrified | nitrified |
| nest | nested | nested |
| nip | nipped | nipped |
| nestle | nestled | nestled |
| name | named | named |
| narrate | narrated | narrated |
Verbs Forms Beginning with O
O-verbs describe access or beginning. “Open” “opened” and “opening” are used in physical and abstract situations.
Base form | Simple past | Past participle |
| obey | obeyed | obeyed |
| obtain | obtained | obtained |
| ogle | ogled | ogled |
| observe | observed | observed |
| open | opened | opened |
| order | ordered | ordered |
| owe | owed | owed |
| occur | occurred | occurred |
| oblige | obliged | obliged |
| objectify | objectified | objectified |
| offend | offended | offended |
| object | objected | objected |
| operate | operated | operated |
| officiate | officiated | officiated |
| oil | oiled | oiled |
Verbs Forms List Beginning with P
P-verbs show placement or position. “Put” is an irregular verb with the same form in all tenses, used for clear instructions.
Base form | Simple past | Past participle |
| participate | participated | participated |
| pause | paused | paused |
| pay | paid | paid |
| please | pleased | pleased |
| plod | plodded | plodded |
| point | pointed | pointed |
| push | pushed | pushed |
| put | put | put |
| phone | phoned | phoned |
| place | placed | placed |
| pardon | pardoned | pardoned |
| perish | perished | perished |
| permit | permitted | permitted |
| ponder | pondered | pondered |
| pour | poured | poured |
| pat | patted | patted |
| prefer | preferred | preferred |
| prepare | prepared | prepared |
| pluck | plucked | plucked |
| punish | punished | punished |
| purify | purified | purified |
| promise | promised | promised |
| propose | proposed | proposed |
| praise | praised | praised |
| pray | prayed | prayed |
| preset | preset | preset |
| preside | presided | presided |
| printed | printed | |
| proceed | proceeded | proceeded |
| present | presented | presented |
| provide | provided | provided |
| pull | pulled | pulled |
| pretend | pretended | pretended |
| protect | protected | protected |
| prove | proved | proved |
| polish | polished | polished |
| pollute | polluted | polluted |
| pout | pouted | pouted |
| practise | practised | practised |
| prescribe | prescribed | prescribed |
| plot | plotted | plotted |
| preach | preached | preached |
| ply | plied | plied |
| preserve | preserved | preserved |
| paint | painted | painted |
| press | pressed | pressed |
| part | parted | parted |
| partake | partook | partaken |
| prevent | prevented | prevented |
| pass | passed | passed |
| paste | pasted | pasted |
| prohibit | prohibited | prohibited |
| patch | patched | patched |
| produce | produced | produced |
| progress | progressed | progressed |
| peep | peeped | peeped |
| prosecute | prosecuted | prosecuted |
| persuade | persuaded | persuaded |
| plan | planned | planned |
| play | played | played |
| plead | pled | pled |
Verbs Forms List Beginning with Q
Q-verbs express stopping or leaving. “Quit” “quitted” and “quitting” are used for ending actions or responsibilities.
Base Form | Simple Past | Past Participle |
| quit | quit | quit |
| quiver | quivered | quivered |
| quack | quacked | quacked |
| quadruple | quadrupled | quadrupled |
| quilt | quilted | quilted |
| quarter | quartered | quartered |
| quaver | quavered | quavered |
| question | questioned | questioned |
| quintuple | quintupled | quintupled |
| quell | quelled | quelled |
| qualify | qualified | qualified |
| quibble | quibbled | quibbled |
| quench | quenched | quenched |
| quicken | quickened | quickened |
| quote | quoted | quoted |
Verbs Forms Beginning with R
R-verbs show motion or activity. “Run” “ran” and “run” are used in physical movement and process descriptions.
Base form | Simple past | Past participle |
| rebuild | rebuilt | rebuilt |
| recall | recalled | recalled |
| reduce | reduced | reduced |
| refuse | refused | refused |
| regard | regarded | regarded |
| return | returned | returned |
| reuse | reused | reused |
| run | ran | run |
| rush | rushed | rushed |
| rain | rained | rained |
| rattle | rattled | rattled |
| remake | remade | remade |
| remove | removed | removed |
| rub | rubbed | rubbed |
| rule | ruled | ruled |
| relate | related | related |
| relax | relaxed | relaxed |
| repeat | repeated | repeated |
| replace | replaced | replaced |
| resemble | resembled | resembled |
| reset | reset | reset |
| restrain | restrained | restrained |
| retain | retained | retained |
| resolve | resolved | resolved |
| respect | respected | respected |
| rewind | rewound | rewound |
| rid | rid | rid |
| report | reported | reported |
| request | requested | requested |
| resell | resold | resold |
| roll | rolled | rolled |
| rot | rotted | rotted |
| rise | rose | risen |
| ride | rode | ridden |
| ring | rang | rung |
| reach | reached | reached |
| read | read | read |
| realize | realized | realized |
| reply | replied | replied |
| resist | resisted | resisted |
| recast | recast | recast |
| receive | received | received |
| recite | recited | recited |
| retch | retched | retched |
| retire | retired | retired |
| recur | recurred | recurred |
| redo | redid | redone |
| refer | referred | referred |
| reflect | reflected | reflected |
| rest | rested | rested |
| review | reviewed | reviewed |
| regret | regretted | regretted |
| rely | relied | relied |
| remain | remained | remained |
| roar | roared | roared |
| rob | robbed | robbed |
| rend | rent | rent |
| renew | renewed | renewed |
| renounce | renounced | renounced |
| repair | repaired | repaired |
Verbs Forms Beginning with S
S-verbs relate to speaking or expressing. Forms like “say” “said” and “saying” are key in both spoken and written English.
Base form | Simple past | Past participle |
| sally | sallied | sallied |
| salute | saluted | saluted |
| sanction | sanctioned | sanctioned |
| sap | sapped | sapped |
| sash | sashed | sashed |
| sashay | sashayed | sashayed |
| satisfy | satisfied | satisfied |
| saturate | saturated | saturated |
| savor | savored | savored |
| savvy | savvied | savvied |
| swing | swung | swung |
| swot | swotted | swotted |
| slide | slid | slid/slide |
| slim | slimmed | slimmed |
| sweat | sweat | sweat |
| sweep | swept | swept |
| swell | swelled | swollen |
| swim | swam | swum |
| shoe | shod | shod |
| shoot | shot | shot |
| strike | struck | struck/stricken |
| string | strung | strung |
| strive | strove | striven |
| sweat | sweat | sweat |
| sweep | swept | swept |
| scold | scolded | scolded |
| scorch | scorched | scorched |
| sew | sewed | sewn |
| shake | shook | shaken |
| shut | shut | shut |
| sight | sighted | sighted |
| salve | salved | salved |
| sample | sampled | sampled |
| scant | scanted | scanted |
| scar | scarred | scarred |
| seem | seemed | seemed |
| seize | seized | seized |
| spray | sprayed | sprayed |
| spread | spread | spread |
| scale | scaled | scaled |
| scam | scammed | scammed |
| sway | swayed | swayed |
| swear | swore | sworn |
| scare | scared | scared |
| scarify | scarified | scarified |
| seat | seated | seated |
| secure | secured | secured |
| solicit | solicited | solicited |
| solve | solved | solved |
| snatch | snatched | snatched |
| sneak | sneaked | sneaked |
| shorten | shortened | shortened |
| shout | shouted | shouted |
| saw | sawed | sawn |
| say | said | said |
| sacrifice | sacrificed | sacrificed |
| saunter | sauntered | sauntered |
| save | saved | saved |
| sag | sagged | sagged |
| sail | sailed | sailed |
| surround | surrounded | surrounded |
| survey | surveyed | surveyed |
| salvage | salvaged | salvaged |
| salve | salved | salved |
| sample | sampled | sampled |
| sanctify | sanctified | sanctified |
| sadden | saddened | saddened |
| saddle | saddled | saddled |
| saponify | saponified | saponified |
| sabotage | sabotaged | sabotaged |
| sack | sacked | sacked |
| sass | sassed | sassed |
| sate | sated | sated |
| satiate | satiated | satiated |
| satirise | satirised | satirised |
| sell | sold | sold |
| send | sent | sent |
| shun | shunned | shunned |
| survive | survived | survived |
| sing | sang | sung |
| sink | sank | sunk |
| ski | skied | skied |
| skid | skidded | skidded |
| slit | slit | slit |
| smash | smashed | smashed |
| smite | smote | smitten |
| smooth | smoothed | smoothed |
| sort | sorted | sorted |
| sow | sowed | sowed |
| speed | sped | sped |
| spell | spelt | spelt |
| shirk | shirked | shirked |
| shit | shit | shit |
| shave | shove | shaven |
| shear | shore | shorn |
| stress | stressed | stressed |
| stretch | stretched | stretched |
| spin | span/spun | spun |
| sneeze | sneezed | sneezed |
| sniff | sniffed | sniffed |
| spring | sprang | sprung |
| sprout | sprouted | sprouted |
| stare | stared | stared |
| start | started | started |
| steep | steeped | steeped |
| stem | stemmed | stemmed |
| sting | stung | stung |
| stink | stank | stunk |
| scab | scabbed | scabbed |
| scabble | scabbled | scabbled |
| scald | scalded | scalded |
| supply | supplied | supplied |
| support | supported | supported |
| scan | scanned | scanned |
| scarp | scarped | scarped |
| scat | scatted | scatted |
| scatter | scattered | scattered |
| scowl | scowled | scowled |
| scrawl | scrawled | scrawled |
| scream | screamed | screamed |
| screw | screwed | screwed |
| scrub | scrubbed | scrubbed |
| search | searched | searched |
| state | stated | stated |
| stand | stood | stood |
| see | saw | seen |
| seek | sought | sought |
| step | stepped | stepped |
| sterilize | sterilized | sterilized |
| select | selected | selected |
| sell | sold | sold |
| send | sent | sent |
| sentence | sentenced | sentenced |
| separate | separated | separated |
| set | set | set |
| sever | severed | severed |
| stay | stayed | stayed |
| steal | stole | stolen |
| shape | shaped | shaped |
| share | shared | shared |
| shatter | shattered | shattered |
| stick | stuck | stuck |
| stimulate | stimulated | stimulated |
| shed | shed | shed |
| shine | shone | shone |
| stir | stirred | stirred |
| stitch | stitched | stitched |
| shiver | shivered | shivered |
| shock | shocked | shocked |
| strew | strewed | strewn |
| stride | strode | stridden |
| succeed | succeeded | succeeded |
| suck | sucked | sucked |
| show | showed | shown |
| shrink | shrank | shrunk |
| subscribe | subscribed | subscribed |
| subtract | subtracted | subtracted |
| swallow | swallowed | swallowed |
| signal | signalled | signalled |
| signify | signified | signified |
| suppose | supposed | supposed |
| surge | surged | surged |
| sip | sipped | sipped |
| sit | sat | sat |
| stoop | stooped | stooped |
| stop | stopped | stopped |
| slam | slammed | slammed |
| slay | slew | slain |
| sleep | slept | slept |
| surmise | surmised | surmised |
| surpass | surpassed | surpassed |
| sling | slung | slung |
| slink | slunk | slunk |
| slip | slipped | slipped |
| study | studied | studied |
| submit | submitted | submitted |
| smell | smelt | smelt |
| smile | smiled | smiled |
| suffer | suffered | suffered |
| suggest | suggested | suggested |
| smother | smothered | smothered |
| snap | snapped | snapped |
| strain | strained | strained |
| stray | strayed | strayed |
| summon | summoned | summoned |
| store | stored | stored |
| soar | soared | soared |
| sob | sobbed | sobbed |
| soothe | soothed | soothed |
| sparkle | sparkled | sparkled |
| speak | spoke | spoken |
| spend | spent | spent |
| spill | spilt | spilt |
| spit | spat/spit | spat/spit |
| split | split | split |
| spoil | spoilt | spoilt |
| squeeze | squeezed | squeezed |
Verbs Forms Beginning with T
T-verbs describe grabbing or receiving. “Take” “took” and “taken” are often used in instructions and everyday English.
Base form | Simple past | Past participle |
| turn | turned | turned |
| type | typed | typed |
| tee | teed | teed |
| tell | told | told |
| thank | thanked | thanked |
| think | thought | thought |
| throw | threw | thrown |
| thrust | thrust | thrust |
| terminate | terminated | terminated |
| taste | tasted | tasted |
| tax | taxed | taxed |
| touch | touched | touched |
| train | trained | trained |
| trust | trusted | trusted |
| try | tried | tried |
| thrust | thrust | thrust |
| thump | thumped | thumped |
| transfer | transferred | transferred |
| transform | transformed | transformed |
| travel | travelled | travelled |
| tread | trod | trodden |
| tree | treed | treed |
| tremble | trembled | trembled |
| tie | tied | tied |
| tire | tired | tired |
| talk | talked | talked |
| tap | tapped | tapped |
| triumph | triumphed | triumphed |
| toss | tossed | tossed |
| teach | taught | taught |
| tear | tore | torn |
| treasure | treasured | treasured |
| treat | treated | treated |
| tempt | tempted | tempted |
| tend | tended | tended |
| trample | trampled | trampled |
| terrify | terrified | terrified |
| test | tested | tested |
| translate | translated | translated |
| trap | trapped | trapped |
| thrive | throve | thriven |
| throw | threw | thrown |
Verbs Forms Beginning with U
U-verbs describe application or purpose. Forms like “use” “used” and “using” are found in daily and technical language.
Base form | Simple past | Past participle |
| uncurl | uncurled | uncurled |
| use | used | used |
| usurp | usurped | usurped |
| urge | urged | urged |
| unbar | unbarred | unbarred |
| utilize | utilized | utilized |
| unbox | unboxed | unboxed |
| ulcerate | ulcerated | ulcerated |
| uncouple | uncoupled | uncoupled |
| utter | uttered | uttered |
| uproot | uprooted | uprooted |
| uncover | uncovered | uncovered |
| uncork | uncorked | uncorked |
| upset | upset | upset |
| unbolt | unbolted | unbolted |
Verbs Forms Beginning with V
V-verbs show travel or meeting. “Visit” “visited” and “visiting” are used in both personal and professional contexts.
Base form | Simple past | Past participle |
| vaccinate | vaccinated | vaccinated |
| verify | verified | verified |
| vacate | vacated | vacated |
| visit | visited | visited |
| violate | violated | violated |
| vamp | vamped | vamped |
| vary | varied | varied |
| validate | validated | validated |
| vibrate | vibrated | vibrated |
| visualize | visualized | visualized |
| value | valued | valued |
| vault | vaulted | vaulted |
| varnish | varnished | varnished |
Verbs Forms Beginning with W
W-verbs describe recording or creating text. “Write” “wrote” and “written” are key for describing communication.
Base form | Simple past | Past participle |
| watch | watched | watched |
| want | wanted | wanted |
| wash | washed | washed |
| wait | waited | waited |
| wade | waded | waded |
| wag | wagged | wagged |
| warble | warbled | warbled |
| walk | walked | walked |
| wall | walled | walled |
| waste | wasted | wasted |
| wane | waned | waned |
| weave | wove | woven |
| wake | waked | woken |
| waste | wasted | wasted |
| wear | wore | worn |
Verbs Forms Beginning with Y
Y-verbs show loud speaking or shouting. “Yell” “yelled” and “yelling” are used in emotional or urgent situations.
Base form | Simple past | Past participle |
| yawn | yawned | yawned |
| yellow | yellowed | yellowed |
| yelp | yelped | yelped |
| yank | yanked | yanked |
Verbs Forms Beginning with Z
Z-verbs describe quick motion. “Zoom” “zoomed” and “zooming” are used for speed or virtual meetings.
Base form | Simple past | Past participle |
| Zip | Zipped | Zipped |
| Zone | Zoned | Zoned |
| Zigzag | Zigzagged | Zigzagged |
| Zest | Zested | Zested |
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